Here is a list of the Sultans of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which ruled over much of Anatolia after the victory of sultan Alparslan at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071:
- Kutalmish: Contested claimant, father of Suleyman. Never truly ruled Anatolia independently but fought for Seljuk leadership.
- Suleyman ibn Kutulmish (c. 1077-1086): Founder of the independent Anatolian Seljuk state. Captured Nicea (Iznik).
- Interregnum (1086-1092) - Territory largely controlled by governors appointed by the Great Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah I.
- Kilic Arslan I (1092-1107): Son of Suleyman I. Re-established the Sultanate after Malik Shah I's death. Faced the First Crusade, lost Nicea, moved capital to Iconium (Konya).
- Malik Shah (1110-1116): Son of Kilic Arslan I.
- Mesud I (1116-1156): Son of Kilic Arslan I. Long reign, consolidated power, faced the Second Crusade.
- Kilic Arslan II (1156-1192): Son of Mesud I. Defeated the Byzantine Empire decisively at the Battle of Myriokephalon (Miryokefalon) in 1176 near Konya. Faced the Third Crusade. Divided the empire among his sons before his death, leading to civil war.
- Kayhusrav I (First Reign) (1192-1196): Son of Kilic Arslan II. Overthrown by his brother Suleyman II.
- Suleyman II (Rukn ad-Din Suleyman Shah) (1196-1204): Son of Kilic Arslan II. Reunited the Sultanate by defeating his brothers.
- Kilic Arslan III (1204-1205): Son of Suleyman II. Child ruler, quickly overthrown by Kayhusrav I.
- Kayhusrav I (Second Reign) (1205-1211): Returned to power. Captured the key port of Antalya.
- Kaykaus I (Izz ad-Din Kaykaus) (1211-1220): Son of Kayhusrav I. Captured the key port of Sinop on the Black Sea.
- Kaykubad I (Ala ad-Din Kaykubad) (1220-1237): Son of Kayhusrav I. Reign considered the zenith of the Sultanate's power and culture. Expanded territory, built numerous caravanserais, fortifications, and mosques.
- Kayhusrav II (Ghiyath ad-Din Kayhusrav) (1237-1246): Son of Kaykubad I. Reign marked by the devastating defeat against the Mongols at the Battle of Kose Dag in 1243 near Sivas, after which the Sultanate became a Mongol vassal.
- Period of Mongol Vassalage and Decline, often with co-rulers or puppet sultans.
- Kaykaus II (Izz ad-Din Kaykaus) (1246-1262): Son of Kayhusrav II. Initially ruled jointly with his brothers. Fled after conflicts.
- Kilic Arslan IV (Rukn ad-Din Kilic Arslan) (Ruled jointly 1248-1266): Dominant after Kaykaus II fled. Son of Kayhusrav II. Executed under Mongol influence.
- Kaykubad II (Ala ad-Din Kaykubad) (Ruled jointly 1249-1254/57): Son of Kayhusrav II. Died young.
- Kayhusrav III (Ghiyath ad-Din Kayhusrav) (1266-1284): Son of Kilic Arslan IV. Ruled under heavy Mongol (Ilkhanate - Ilhanli) control. Executed by the Ilkhans.
- Mesud II (Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud) (First Reign 1284-1296, Second Reign 1303-1307/08): Son of Kaykaus II. Appointed by the Ilkhans. Faced disintegration of the Sultanate into smaller Beyliks (principalities).
- Kaykubad III (Ala ad-Din Kaykubad) (1298-1302): Nephew of Mesud II. Appointed by the Ilkhans, executed.
After Mesud II's final reign ended around 1308, the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum effectively ceased to exist as a unified entity, having fragmented completely into various independent Anatolian Beyliks, one of which would eventually evolve into the Ottoman Empire.
Note that dates can sometimes vary slightly depending on the source, especially during periods of transition or co-rule.